AFRICAN AMERICAN ACHIEVEMENTHistory for every day—and beyond.
March 6, 1961 · Employment & Civil Rights

Equal Opportunity Required Action

Executive Order 10925 carried “affirmative action” into federal contracting policy, building on decades of Black organizing for fair employment.

Then

Promises of nondiscrimination often left segregated workplaces, biased hiring networks, and unequal advancement untouched.

Now

The 1961 order is remembered as a major step in the evolving federal effort to make equal employment opportunity enforceable.

Next

Institutions create genuine opportunity by examining outcomes and taking concrete responsibility for fair access.

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